Inclusive mobility in resource-constrained cities: Lessons from disability-focused interventions in Accra's public transport

Background and aim: Mobility is fundamental to social inclusion and sustainable urban development, yet persons with disabilities in African cities remain largely excluded from public transport systems. Building on a previous study that examined the mobility experiences of persons with disabilities, this study explores transport operators and persons with disability's awareness, perceived efficacy, and practical difficulties in implementing disability-inclusive interventions in Ghana's public transport sector.

Methods: The study adopted a three-phase approach (pre-intervention, intervention, and postintervention evaluation) involving participatory collaboration with disability groups, transport operators, and city authorities. Data were collected through unstructured interviews with 90 persons with disabilities, 45 transport operators, and selected policymakers, and analysed using thematic content analysis in MAXQDA.

Results: Findings show that all participant groups recognised the interventions as valuable in reducing mobility barriers and fostering a more positive attitudes towards the disability community. Priority seating and landing pads notably enhanced accessibility for physically and visually impaired commuters, while push bells and signage addressed communication challenges for hearing-impaired commuters. However, design inadequacies (e.g., fragile landing pads), limited coverage, weak inter-stakeholder collaboration and ambiguous legislation constrained broader impact and scalability.

Implications: This study offers evidence-based guidance for scaling inclusive transport through universal design principles, disability-awareness training, and legislative reforms to strengthen enforcement and incentivise inclusive practices among transport operators.