Authors
JOSHUA-LUTHER NDOYE UPOALKPAJOR
Publication Year
2026
Article Title
Gender Differences in Self-Image, Personality Traits, and Career Decision-Making among Senior High School Students in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana
Journal
JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, SOCIETY & MULTICULTURALISM
Volume
7
Issue Number
1
Page Numbers
193-226
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2478/jesm-2026-00010
ISSN
2734-4754
Website Url
https://doi.org/10.2478/jesm-2026-00010
Abstract

This study examined gender differences in self-image, personality traits, career counseling knowledge, and career decision-making among senior high school students in Ghana. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 336 students through structured self-report instruments measuring self-image, personality traits, career counseling knowledge, and career choice factors. Pre- and post-program assessments evaluated the effectiveness of a career counseling intervention. Findings revealed significant gender differences: female students reported higher self-image, whereas males demonstrated higher personality trait scores, greater knowledge of career counseling programs, and stronger social influences on career decisions. However, no significant gender differences were found in the overall influence of personal, economic, academic, and institutional factors on career choice. The career counseling intervention significantly improved students’ career knowledge and preparedness. The study concludes that gender- sensitive career counseling programs are essential for enhancing students’ self- awareness, career preparedness, and informed decision-making among senior high school students in Ghana.

Policy Contributions

Educational institutions should implement gender-responsive career counseling interventions tailored to differences in self- image, personality traits, and career preparedness. For example, programs for female students could emphasize self- efficacy, confidence-building, and exposure to non-traditional career paths, while programs for male students could focus on reflective decision-making and aligning personality traits with career goals. Given that males reported higher knowledge of career counseling programs than females, schools should increase access and awareness of available career guidance services for all students. Strategies may include workshops, career fairs, online resources, and mentorship programs to ensure both genders actively engage with counseling interventions, Gender Differences in Self-Image, Personality Traits, and Career Decision- Making among Senior High School Students in the Effutu Municipality of Ghana promoting informed decision-making and alignment of career choices with personal interests and competencies. Schools should link career counseling with academic performance and experiential learning opportunities such as internships, project-based learning, and subject-specific career workshops in order to complement intrinsic motivations and economic considerations. This approach helps students contextualize their skills and interests in real-world scenarios, fostering better decision-making while addressing gaps in knowledge and self-awareness across genders.

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