Assessing the Ghanaian Driver’s Susceptibility to Distraction Engagement

Driving requires managing multiple tasks in a dynamic environment. Yet, drivers frequently engage in non-driving activities, such as using mobile phones or adjusting in-vehicle technology, which distracts from essential vehicle controls. Evidence shows that such distractions impair performance and increase the risk of crashes and critical incidents. Understanding why drivers become distracted and identifying factors that contribute to distraction is crucial for developing effective interventions. This study examined the forms, instances, and predictors of distraction among Ghanaian drivers to propose actionable solutions. A sample of 257 private and commercial/professional drivers were recruited via personal contacts and social media and at bus terminals. The study examined voluntary and involuntary distractions using the Susceptibility to Driver Distraction Questionnaire (SDDQ) and four driving scenarios. Bivariate correlation and independent samples t-tests were used to assess relationships and differences among driver types, while hierarchical multiple regression identified key predictors of distraction. Results showed a positive correlation between self-reported distraction and voluntary distractions, with a negative correlation for involuntary distractions. Significant differences were found in the likelihood of mobile phone use between driver types in various driving contexts. Additionally, gender, age, past mobile-phone-related crash experiences, driving context (urban or motorway), attitude, injunctive norms, and involuntary distraction were significant predictors of distraction. These findings confirm the utility of the SDDQ in predicting distraction and emphasise the need for context-specific information when studying distraction.