Blue mind, healthy life and well-being: the therapeutic benefits of coastal living in Ghana

Coastal environments are traditionally characterized by relaxation and wellness but are empirically short of therapeutic research on the health value in Ghana. The blue mind concept suggests that being near water is healthy and beneficial to well-being. This qualitative study investigates the psychological, physical, and social therapeutic benefits of coastal residents living in Akosua Village, Ghana, through the Blue Mind Theory, Biophilia Hypothesis, Social Capital Theory, Therapeutic Landscapes Theory and Ostrom’s Social-Ecological Systems (SES) Framework. By conducting in-depth interviews with 15 residents, the study reveals that proximity to the ocean decreases stress and anxiety significantly, improves mood, and improves cognitive functioning, which is in line with the Blue Mind Theory and the Biophilia Hypothesis. Habituation effects also decrease emotional benefits for long-term residents, suggesting variability in environmental sensitivity. The study further highlights the physical health advantages of living on the coast, including increased activity through swimming, fishing, and walking. Sleep quality in coastal settlements differs among participants; some residents report the ocean sounds restful, while others report a disturbance. Socially, the beach is a shared space, facilitating bonding through casual meetings and shared labor, following the Social Capital Theory. Moreover, traditional seawater treatments are also prevalent, with residents using them to heal illnesses like stomach disorders and skin conditions, justifying the Therapeutic Landscapes Theory. Despite these benefits, there is conflict between restorative leisure and economic output, with some residents viewing contemplative time as unnecessary and unproductive. The study recommends the integration of blue spaces into public health policy, promoting coastal therapy in mental health care, and further research on seawater treatments. Policy-makers have to balance communal beach access with managing sleeping environment noise sensitivity.